MikroTik RouterOS’da fayllarni yaratish, o‘qish, nusxalash

⏱ O‘qish vaqti: 3 daqiqa

RouterOS’da fayllar bilan ishlash ko‘pincha kerak bo‘ladi, lekin qayerda saqlash va qanday o‘qish kerakligini bilmaslik muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi. Ushbu qo‘llanma fayl menyusini qanday boshqarish, yangi fayl yoki katalog yaratish, mazmunini o‘qish, satrlarni ko‘rish va nusxalashni bosqichma‑bosqich tushuntiradi.

Talablar

• RouterOS admin huquqi
• CLI (Terminal)ga kirish imkoniyati
• flash katalogi mavjudligi

Sozlash bosqichlari

1. Fayl ro‘yxatini ko‘rib chiqish

file print detail buyrug‘i yordamida routerda mavjud barcha fayllar, paketlar va kataloglar ro‘yxatini ko‘rasiz. Natijada fayl nomi, turi, hajmi, oxirgi o‘zgartirilgan vaqti va paketga oid ma’lumotlar ko‘rsatiladi.

[admin@MikroTik] > file print detail 
 0 name=wireless-7.16.1-arm.npk type=package size=1924.1KiB last-modified=2024-11-25 13:14:28 package-name="wireless" package-version="7.16.1" package-build-time=2024-10-10 14:03:32 
   package-architecture="arm" 

 1 name=routeros-7.16.1-arm.npk type=package size=11.1MiB last-modified=2024-11-25 13:14:34 package-name="system" package-version="7.16.1" package-build-time=2024-10-10 14:03:32 
   package-architecture="arm" 

 2 name=flash type=disk last-modified=2024-11-25 13:12:10 

 3 name=flash/skins type=directory last-modified=2024-11-25 13:10:52 

 4 name=flash/skins/newskin.json type=.json file size=0 last-modified=2024-11-25 13:10:52 

 5 name=flash/filename type=file size=0 last-modified=2024-11-25 13:11:58 

 6 name=flash/directory_name type=directory last-modified=2024-11-25 13:12:10

2. Yangi fayl yoki katalog yaratish

file add buyrug‘i bilan kerakli nom va turini belgilab, flash ichida yangi fayl yoki katalog yaratish mumkin. Misolda fayl nomi /flash/filename va katalog nomi /flash/directory_name ko‘rsatilgan.

[admin@MikroTik] > file add name=/flash/filename type=file           
[admin@MikroTik] > file add name=/flash/directory_name type=directory

3. Fayl mazmunini o‘qish

/file/get buyrug‘i yordamida kichik fayllar (60 KB gacha) to‘liq mazmuni olinadi. Misolda text.txt faylidan contents maydoni olinadi. Katta fayllar uchun /file/read buyrug‘i offset va chunk-size parametrlarini belgilab bo‘lakma‑bo‘lak o‘qiladi. Misolda offset = 2, chunk‑size = 3 bo‘lib, ma’lumot 345 ko‘rsatiladi.

[admin@MikroTik] > :put [/file/get text.txt contents]
123456

[admin@MikroTik] > /file/read file=text.txt offset=2 chunk-size=3    
  data: 345

4. Faylning birinchi satrlarini ko‘rish

file head buyrug‘i bilan faylning birinchi n satrlarini chiqarish mumkin. n=3 va numbered opsiyasi qo‘shilganda har bir satr oldiga raqam qo‘shiladi. Misolda test.txt faylining birinchi 3 satri raqamlari bilan ko‘rsatilgan.

file head test.txt n=3 numbered 
 1: 1
 2: 2
 3: 3

5. Fayl yoki katalogni nusxalash

file copy buyrug‘i bilan faylni yoki butun katalogni boshqa joyga ko‘chirish yoki nusxalash mumkin. Misolda test1.txt fayli dir1 ichidan dir2 ichiga ko‘chirildi va nusxa fayllar ro‘yxati ko‘rsatilgan.

file copy test1.txt name=dir1/test1copy.txt
file copy dir1 name=dir2
file/print 
Columns: NAME, TYPE, SIZE, LAST-MODIFIED
# NAME                TYPE       SIZE  LAST-MODIFIED      
0 dir1                directory        2026-03-17 09:52:08
1 dir2                directory        2026-03-17 09:52:14
2 test1.txt           .txt file     0  2026-03-17 09:51:43
3 dir1/test1copy.txt  .txt file     0  2026-03-17 09:52:08
4 dir2/test1copy.txt  .txt file     0  2026-03-17 09:52:14

Tekshirish

file print detail buyrug‘ini yana bajarib, yangi yaratilgan fayl yoki katalog, nusxa olingan fayllar ro‘yxatda ko‘rinishini tasdiqlang.

[admin@MikroTik] > file print detail 
 0 name=wireless-7.16.1-arm.npk type=package size=1924.1KiB last-modified=2024-11-25 13:14:28 package-name="wireless" package-version="7.16.1" package-build-time=2024-10-10 14:03:32 
   package-architecture="arm" 

 1 name=routeros-7.16.1-arm.npk type=package size=11.1MiB last-modified=2024-11-25 13:14:34 package-name="system" package-version="7.16.1" package-build-time=2024-10-10 14:03:32 
   package-architecture="arm" 

 2 name=flash type=disk last-modified=2024-11-25 13:12:10 

 3 name=flash/skins type=directory last-modified=2024-11-25 13:10:52 

 4 name=flash/skins/newskin.json type=.json file size=0 last-modified=2024-11-25 13:10:52 

 5 name=flash/filename type=file size=0 last-modified=2024-11-25 13:11:58 

 6 name=flash/directory_name type=directory last-modified=2024-11-25 13:12:10

Muammolar va yechimlar

Katta faylni /file/get bilan o‘qib bo‘lmaydi

/file/read buyrug‘ini offset va chunk-size bilan ishlating

Xulosa

Fayl menyusi RouterOS’da fayllarni boshqarishning qulay usulini taqdim etadi. To‘g‘ri katalogda yaratish, o‘qish va nusxalash orqali ma’lumotlaringizni xavfsiz saqlang.

Manba: Files — help.mikrotik.com